desc: Tests of converstion to and from the RQL string type
tests:

    - def:
        cd: japanese_hello = 'こんにちは'
        # Python supports unicode strings with the u'' pattern, except 3.0-3.2
        py: japanese_hello = u'こんにちは'
        py3.0: japanese_hello = 'こんにちは'
        py3.1: japanese_hello = 'こんにちは'
        py3.2: japanese_hello = 'こんにちは'

    # Simple strings
    - cd:
        - r('str')
        - r.expr('str')
      py: r.expr('str')
      ot: "str"
    - cd:
        - r("str")
        - r.expr("str")
      py: r.expr("str")
      ot: "str"

    # Unicode

    - cd:
      py:
        cd: r.expr(u'str')
        ot: u'str'
      py3.0: r.expr('str')
      py3.1: r.expr('str')
      py3.2: r.expr('str')
      ot: 'str'

    - cd: r.expr(japanese_hello)
      ot:
       cd: 'こんにちは'
       py: u'こんにちは'
       py3.0: 'こんにちは'
       py3.1: 'こんにちは'
       py3.2: 'こんにちは'

    - cd: r.expr('foo').type_of()
      ot: 'STRING'

    # test coercions
    - cd: r.expr('foo').coerce_to('string')
      ot: 'foo'
    - cd: r.expr('-1.2').coerce_to('NUMBER')
      ot: -1.2
    - cd: r.expr('--1.2').coerce_to('NUMBER')
      ot: err("ReqlQueryLogicError", "Could not coerce `--1.2` to NUMBER.", [])
    - cd: r.expr('-1.2-').coerce_to('NUMBER')
      ot: err("ReqlQueryLogicError", "Could not coerce `-1.2-` to NUMBER.", [])
    - cd: r.expr('0xa').coerce_to('NUMBER')
      ot: 10
    - cd: r.expr('inf').coerce_to('NUMBER')
      ot: err("ReqlQueryLogicError", "Non-finite number: inf", [])

    # count is defined as the number of unicode codepoints
    - cd: r.expr('hello, world!').count()
      ot: 13
    - cd: r.expr(japanese_hello).count()
      ot: 5

    # slice is defined on unicode codepoints
    - cd: r.expr('hello').slice(1)
      ot: 'ello'
    - cd: r.expr('hello').slice(-1)
      ot: 'o'
    - cd: r.expr('hello').slice(-4,3)
      ot: 'el'
    - cd: r.expr('hello').slice(-99)
      ot: 'hello'
    - cd: r.expr('hello').slice(0)
      ot: 'hello'
    - cd: r.expr(japanese_hello).slice(1)
      ot:
        cd: 'んにちは'
        py: u'んにちは'
        py3.0: 'んにちは'
        py3.1: 'んにちは'
        py3.2: 'んにちは'
    - cd: r.expr(japanese_hello).slice(1,2)
      ot:
        cd: 'ん'
        py: u'ん'
        py3.0: 'ん'
        py3.1: 'ん'
        py3.2: 'ん'
    - cd: r.expr(japanese_hello).slice(-3)
      ot:
        cd: 'にちは'
        py: u'にちは'
        py3.0: 'にちは'
        py3.1: 'にちは'
        py3.2: 'にちは'

    # This is how these edge cases are handled in Python.
    - cd: r.expr('').split()
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('').split(null)
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('').split(' ')
      ot: ['']
    - cd: r.expr('').split('')
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('').split(null, 5)
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('').split(' ', 5)
      ot: ['']
    - cd: r.expr('').split('', 5)
      ot: []

    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split()
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ')
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', '', 'cccc', '']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('')
      ot: ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', ' ', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', ' ', ' ', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', ' ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b')
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb')
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb')
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 3)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 5)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', '', 'cccc', '']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('', 5)
      ot: ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', ' ', 'bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 5)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 3)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 6)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 3)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr("a  b  ").split(null, 2)
      ot: ["a", "b"]
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 4)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', '', 'cccc', '']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('', 4)
      ot: ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', ' bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 4)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 1)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 5)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 1)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 1)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', ' cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('', 2)
      ot: ['a', 'a', 'aa bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', 'bb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('  ').split()
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('  ').split(null)
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('  ').split(' ')
      ot: ['', '', '']
    - cd: r.expr('  ').split(null, 5)
      ot: []
    - cd: r.expr('  ').split(' ', 5)
      ot: ['', '', '']

    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split()
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ')
      ot: ['', '', 'aaaa', 'bbbb', '', 'cccc', '']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b')
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb')
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb')
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ')
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 3)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 5)
      ot: ['', '', 'aaaa', 'bbbb', '', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 5)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 3)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 6)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 3)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 2)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr("a  b  ").split(null, 2)
      ot: ["a", "b"]
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 4)
      ot: ['', '', 'aaaa', 'bbbb', ' cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 4)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 1)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 5)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d ', ' e ', '', ' f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 1)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(null, 1)
      ot: ['aaaa', 'bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' ', 2)
      ot: ['', '', 'aaaa bbbb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('b', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', 'bb  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc ').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc ']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split('bb', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa ', '', '  cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e bbbb f']
    - cd: r.expr('  aaaa bbbb  cccc b d bb e bbbb  f').split(' bbbb  ', 2)
      ot: ['  aaaa', 'cccc b d bb e', 'f']

    - cd: r.expr("abc-dEf-GHJ").upcase()
      ot: "ABC-DEF-GHJ"
    - cd: r.expr("abc-dEf-GHJ").downcase()
      ot: "abc-def-ghj"

    # Same 3.0-3.2 caveats
    - py:
        cd: r.expr(u"f\u00e9oo").split("")
        ot: [u"f", u"\u00e9", u"o", u"o"]
      py3.0: r.expr("f\u00e9oo").split("")
      py3.1: r.expr("f\u00e9oo").split("")
      py3.2: r.expr("f\u00e9oo").split("")
      cd: r.expr("f\u00e9oo").split("")
      ot: ["f", "\u00e9", "o", "o"]

    - py:
        cd: r.expr(u"fe\u0301oo").split("")
        ot: [u"f", u"e\u0301", u"o", u"o"]
      py3.0: r.expr("fe\u0301oo").split("")
      py3.1: r.expr("fe\u0301oo").split("")
      py3.2: r.expr("fe\u0301oo").split("")
      cd: r.expr("fe\u0301oo").split("")
      ot: ["f", "e\u0301", "o", "o"]

    ## Unicode spacing characters.

    ## original set from previous work:
    - cd: r.expr("foo bar\tbaz\nquux\rfred\u000bbarney\u000cwilma").split()
      py:
        cd: r.expr(u"foo bar\tbaz\nquux\rfred\u000bbarney\u000cwilma").split()
        ot: ["foo", "bar", "baz", "quux", "fred", "barney", "wilma"]
      py3.0: r.expr("foo bar\tbaz\nquux\rfred\u000bbarney\u000cwilma").split()
      py3.1: r.expr("foo bar\tbaz\nquux\rfred\u000bbarney\u000cwilma").split()
      py3.2: r.expr("foo bar\tbaz\nquux\rfred\u000bbarney\u000cwilma").split()
      ot: ["foo", "bar", "baz", "quux", "fred", "barney", "wilma"]

    ## some specialized Unicode horrors:
    ## - U+00A0 is nonbreaking space and is in the Zs category
    ## - U+0085 is the next line character and is not in the Zs category but is considered whitespace
    ## - U+2001 is em quad space and is in the Zs category
    ## - U+200B is a zero width space and is not in the Zs category and is not considered whitespace
    ## - U+2060 is a word joining zero width nonbreaking space and is NOT in any of the Z categories
    ## - U+2028 is a line separator and is in the Zl category
    ## - U+2029 is a paragraph separator and is in the Zp category
    - py:
        cd: r.expr(u"foo\u00a0bar\u2001baz\u2060quux\u2028fred\u2028barney\u2029wilma\u0085betty\u200b").split()
        ot: ["foo", "bar", u"baz\u2060quux", "fred", "barney", "wilma", u"betty\u200b"]
      py3.0: r.expr("foo\u00a0bar\u2001baz\u2060quux\u2028fred\u2028barney\u2029wilma\u0085betty\u200b").split()
      py3.1: r.expr("foo\u00a0bar\u2001baz\u2060quux\u2028fred\u2028barney\u2029wilma\u0085betty\u200b").split()
      py3.2: r.expr("foo\u00a0bar\u2001baz\u2060quux\u2028fred\u2028barney\u2029wilma\u0085betty\u200b").split()
      cd: r.expr("foo\u00a0bar\u2001baz\u2060quux\u2028fred\u2028barney\u2029wilma\u0085betty\u200b").split()
      ot: ["foo", "bar", "baz\u2060quux", "fred", "barney", "wilma", "betty\u200b"]