RPM build fix (reverted CI changes which will need to be un-reverted or made conditional) and vendor Rust dependencies to make builds much faster in any CI system.

zeroidc/vendor/time/src/formatting/formattable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+//! A trait that can be used to format an item from its components.
+
+use core::ops::Deref;
+use std::io;
+
+use crate::format_description::well_known::{Rfc2822, Rfc3339};
+use crate::format_description::FormatItem;
+use crate::formatting::{
+    format_component, format_number_pad_zero, write, MONTH_NAMES, WEEKDAY_NAMES,
+};
+use crate::{error, Date, Time, UtcOffset};
+
+/// A type that can be formatted.
+#[cfg_attr(__time_03_docs, doc(notable_trait))]
+pub trait Formattable: sealed::Sealed {}
+impl Formattable for FormatItem<'_> {}
+impl Formattable for [FormatItem<'_>] {}
+impl Formattable for Rfc3339 {}
+impl Formattable for Rfc2822 {}
+impl<T: Deref> Formattable for T where T::Target: Formattable {}
+
+/// Seal the trait to prevent downstream users from implementing it.
+mod sealed {
+    #[allow(clippy::wildcard_imports)]
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Format the item using a format description, the intended output, and the various components.
+    #[cfg_attr(__time_03_docs, doc(cfg(feature = "formatting")))]
+    pub trait Sealed {
+        /// Format the item into the provided output, returning the number of bytes written.
+        fn format_into(
+            &self,
+            output: &mut impl io::Write,
+            date: Option<Date>,
+            time: Option<Time>,
+            offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+        ) -> Result<usize, error::Format>;
+
+        /// Format the item directly to a `String`.
+        fn format(
+            &self,
+            date: Option<Date>,
+            time: Option<Time>,
+            offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+        ) -> Result<String, error::Format> {
+            let mut buf = Vec::new();
+            self.format_into(&mut buf, date, time, offset)?;
+            Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf).into_owned())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// region: custom formats
+impl<'a> sealed::Sealed for FormatItem<'a> {
+    fn format_into(
+        &self,
+        output: &mut impl io::Write,
+        date: Option<Date>,
+        time: Option<Time>,
+        offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+        Ok(match *self {
+            Self::Literal(literal) => write(output, literal)?,
+            Self::Component(component) => format_component(output, component, date, time, offset)?,
+            Self::Compound(items) => items.format_into(output, date, time, offset)?,
+            Self::Optional(item) => item.format_into(output, date, time, offset)?,
+            Self::First(items) => match items {
+                [] => 0,
+                [item, ..] => item.format_into(output, date, time, offset)?,
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> sealed::Sealed for [FormatItem<'a>] {
+    fn format_into(
+        &self,
+        output: &mut impl io::Write,
+        date: Option<Date>,
+        time: Option<Time>,
+        offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+        let mut bytes = 0;
+        for item in self.iter() {
+            bytes += item.format_into(output, date, time, offset)?;
+        }
+        Ok(bytes)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Deref> sealed::Sealed for T
+where
+    T::Target: sealed::Sealed,
+{
+    fn format_into(
+        &self,
+        output: &mut impl io::Write,
+        date: Option<Date>,
+        time: Option<Time>,
+        offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+        self.deref().format_into(output, date, time, offset)
+    }
+}
+// endregion custom formats
+
+// region: well-known formats
+impl sealed::Sealed for Rfc2822 {
+    fn format_into(
+        &self,
+        output: &mut impl io::Write,
+        date: Option<Date>,
+        time: Option<Time>,
+        offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+        let date = date.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+        let time = time.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+        let offset = offset.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+
+        let mut bytes = 0;
+
+        let (year, month, day) = date.to_calendar_date();
+
+        if year < 1900 {
+            return Err(error::Format::InvalidComponent("year"));
+        }
+        if offset.seconds_past_minute() != 0 {
+            return Err(error::Format::InvalidComponent("offset_second"));
+        }
+
+        bytes += write(
+            output,
+            &WEEKDAY_NAMES[date.weekday().number_days_from_monday() as usize][..3],
+        )?;
+        bytes += write(output, b", ")?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, day)?;
+        bytes += write(output, b" ")?;
+        bytes += write(output, &MONTH_NAMES[month as usize - 1][..3])?;
+        bytes += write(output, b" ")?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 4>(output, year as u32)?;
+        bytes += write(output, b" ")?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.hour())?;
+        bytes += write(output, b":")?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.minute())?;
+        bytes += write(output, b":")?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.second())?;
+        bytes += write(output, b" ")?;
+        bytes += write(output, if offset.is_negative() { b"-" } else { b"+" })?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.whole_hours().unsigned_abs())?;
+        bytes +=
+            format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.minutes_past_hour().unsigned_abs())?;
+
+        Ok(bytes)
+    }
+}
+
+impl sealed::Sealed for Rfc3339 {
+    fn format_into(
+        &self,
+        output: &mut impl io::Write,
+        date: Option<Date>,
+        time: Option<Time>,
+        offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+        let date = date.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+        let time = time.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+        let offset = offset.ok_or(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation)?;
+
+        let mut bytes = 0;
+
+        let year = date.year();
+
+        if !(0..10_000).contains(&year) {
+            return Err(error::Format::InvalidComponent("year"));
+        }
+        if offset.seconds_past_minute() != 0 {
+            return Err(error::Format::InvalidComponent("offset_second"));
+        }
+
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 4>(output, year as u32)?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'-'])?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, date.month() as u8)?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'-'])?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, date.day())?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'T'])?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.hour())?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b':'])?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.minute())?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b':'])?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, time.second())?;
+
+        #[allow(clippy::if_not_else)]
+        if time.nanosecond() != 0 {
+            let nanos = time.nanosecond();
+            bytes += write(output, &[b'.'])?;
+            bytes += if nanos % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 9>(output, nanos)
+            } else if (nanos / 10) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 8>(output, nanos / 10)
+            } else if (nanos / 100) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 7>(output, nanos / 100)
+            } else if (nanos / 1_000) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 6>(output, nanos / 1_000)
+            } else if (nanos / 10_000) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 5>(output, nanos / 10_000)
+            } else if (nanos / 100_000) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 4>(output, nanos / 100_000)
+            } else if (nanos / 1_000_000) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 3>(output, nanos / 1_000_000)
+            } else if (nanos / 10_000_000) % 10 != 0 {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, nanos / 10_000_000)
+            } else {
+                format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 1>(output, nanos / 100_000_000)
+            }?;
+        }
+
+        if offset == UtcOffset::UTC {
+            bytes += write(output, &[b'Z'])?;
+            return Ok(bytes);
+        }
+
+        bytes += write(
+            output,
+            if offset.is_negative() {
+                &[b'-']
+            } else {
+                &[b'+']
+            },
+        )?;
+        bytes += format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.whole_hours().unsigned_abs())?;
+        bytes += write(output, &[b':'])?;
+        bytes +=
+            format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.minutes_past_hour().unsigned_abs())?;
+
+        Ok(bytes)
+    }
+}
+// endregion well-known formats

zeroidc/vendor/time/src/formatting/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+//! Formatting for various types.
+
+pub(crate) mod formattable;
+
+use std::io;
+
+pub use self::formattable::Formattable;
+use crate::format_description::{modifier, Component};
+use crate::{error, Date, Time, UtcOffset};
+
+#[allow(clippy::missing_docs_in_private_items)]
+const MONTH_NAMES: [&[u8]; 12] = [
+    b"January",
+    b"February",
+    b"March",
+    b"April",
+    b"May",
+    b"June",
+    b"July",
+    b"August",
+    b"September",
+    b"October",
+    b"November",
+    b"December",
+];
+
+#[allow(clippy::missing_docs_in_private_items)]
+const WEEKDAY_NAMES: [&[u8]; 7] = [
+    b"Monday",
+    b"Tuesday",
+    b"Wednesday",
+    b"Thursday",
+    b"Friday",
+    b"Saturday",
+    b"Sunday",
+];
+
+// region: extension trait
+/// A trait that indicates the formatted width of the value can be determined.
+///
+/// Note that this should not be implemented for any signed integers. This forces the caller to
+/// write the sign if desired.
+pub(crate) trait DigitCount {
+    /// The number of digits in the stringified value.
+    fn num_digits(self) -> u8;
+}
+impl DigitCount for u8 {
+    fn num_digits(self) -> u8 {
+        // Using a lookup table as with u32 is *not* faster in standalone benchmarks.
+        if self < 10 {
+            1
+        } else if self < 100 {
+            2
+        } else {
+            3
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl DigitCount for u16 {
+    fn num_digits(self) -> u8 {
+        // Using a lookup table as with u32 is *not* faster in standalone benchmarks.
+        if self < 10 {
+            1
+        } else if self < 100 {
+            2
+        } else if self < 1_000 {
+            3
+        } else if self < 10_000 {
+            4
+        } else {
+            5
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DigitCount for u32 {
+    fn num_digits(self) -> u8 {
+        /// Lookup table
+        const TABLE: &[u64] = &[
+            0x0001_0000_0000,
+            0x0001_0000_0000,
+            0x0001_0000_0000,
+            0x0001_FFFF_FFF6,
+            0x0002_0000_0000,
+            0x0002_0000_0000,
+            0x0002_FFFF_FF9C,
+            0x0003_0000_0000,
+            0x0003_0000_0000,
+            0x0003_FFFF_FC18,
+            0x0004_0000_0000,
+            0x0004_0000_0000,
+            0x0004_0000_0000,
+            0x0004_FFFF_D8F0,
+            0x0005_0000_0000,
+            0x0005_0000_0000,
+            0x0005_FFFE_7960,
+            0x0006_0000_0000,
+            0x0006_0000_0000,
+            0x0006_FFF0_BDC0,
+            0x0007_0000_0000,
+            0x0007_0000_0000,
+            0x0007_0000_0000,
+            0x0007_FF67_6980,
+            0x0008_0000_0000,
+            0x0008_0000_0000,
+            0x0008_FA0A_1F00,
+            0x0009_0000_0000,
+            0x0009_0000_0000,
+            0x0009_C465_3600,
+            0x000A_0000_0000,
+            0x000A_0000_0000,
+        ];
+        ((self as u64 + TABLE[31_u32.saturating_sub(self.leading_zeros()) as usize]) >> 32) as _
+    }
+}
+// endregion extension trait
+
+/// Write all bytes to the output, returning the number of bytes written.
+fn write(output: &mut impl io::Write, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+    output.write_all(bytes)?;
+    Ok(bytes.len())
+}
+
+/// Format a number with the provided padding and width.
+///
+/// The sign must be written by the caller.
+pub(crate) fn format_number<W: io::Write, V: itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy, const WIDTH: u8>(
+    output: &mut W,
+    value: V,
+    padding: modifier::Padding,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    match padding {
+        modifier::Padding::Space => format_number_pad_space::<_, _, WIDTH>(output, value),
+        modifier::Padding::Zero => format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, WIDTH>(output, value),
+        modifier::Padding::None => write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format a number with the provided width and spaces as padding.
+///
+/// The sign must be written by the caller.
+pub(crate) fn format_number_pad_space<
+    W: io::Write,
+    V: itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy,
+    const WIDTH: u8,
+>(
+    output: &mut W,
+    value: V,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    let mut bytes = 0;
+    for _ in 0..(WIDTH.saturating_sub(value.num_digits())) {
+        bytes += write(output, &[b' '])?;
+    }
+    bytes += write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes())?;
+    Ok(bytes)
+}
+
+/// Format a number with the provided width and zeros as padding.
+///
+/// The sign must be written by the caller.
+pub(crate) fn format_number_pad_zero<
+    W: io::Write,
+    V: itoa::Integer + DigitCount + Copy,
+    const WIDTH: u8,
+>(
+    output: &mut W,
+    value: V,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    let mut bytes = 0;
+    for _ in 0..(WIDTH.saturating_sub(value.num_digits())) {
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'0'])?;
+    }
+    bytes += write(output, itoa::Buffer::new().format(value).as_bytes())?;
+    Ok(bytes)
+}
+
+/// Format the provided component into the designated output. An `Err` will be returned if the
+/// component requires information that it does not provide or if the value cannot be output to the
+/// stream.
+pub(crate) fn format_component(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    component: Component,
+    date: Option<Date>,
+    time: Option<Time>,
+    offset: Option<UtcOffset>,
+) -> Result<usize, error::Format> {
+    use Component::*;
+    Ok(match (component, date, time, offset) {
+        (Day(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_day(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (Month(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_month(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (Ordinal(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_ordinal(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (Weekday(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_weekday(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (WeekNumber(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_week_number(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (Year(modifier), Some(date), ..) => fmt_year(output, date, modifier)?,
+        (Hour(modifier), _, Some(time), _) => fmt_hour(output, time, modifier)?,
+        (Minute(modifier), _, Some(time), _) => fmt_minute(output, time, modifier)?,
+        (Period(modifier), _, Some(time), _) => fmt_period(output, time, modifier)?,
+        (Second(modifier), _, Some(time), _) => fmt_second(output, time, modifier)?,
+        (Subsecond(modifier), _, Some(time), _) => fmt_subsecond(output, time, modifier)?,
+        (OffsetHour(modifier), .., Some(offset)) => fmt_offset_hour(output, offset, modifier)?,
+        (OffsetMinute(modifier), .., Some(offset)) => fmt_offset_minute(output, offset, modifier)?,
+        (OffsetSecond(modifier), .., Some(offset)) => fmt_offset_second(output, offset, modifier)?,
+        _ => return Err(error::Format::InsufficientTypeInformation),
+    })
+}
+
+// region: date formatters
+/// Format the day into the designated output.
+fn fmt_day(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::Day { padding }: modifier::Day,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, date.day(), padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the month into the designated output.
+fn fmt_month(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::Month {
+        padding,
+        repr,
+        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
+    }: modifier::Month,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    match repr {
+        modifier::MonthRepr::Numerical => {
+            format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, date.month() as u8, padding)
+        }
+        modifier::MonthRepr::Long => write(output, MONTH_NAMES[date.month() as usize - 1]),
+        modifier::MonthRepr::Short => write(output, &MONTH_NAMES[date.month() as usize - 1][..3]),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format the ordinal into the designated output.
+fn fmt_ordinal(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::Ordinal { padding }: modifier::Ordinal,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 3>(output, date.ordinal(), padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the weekday into the designated output.
+fn fmt_weekday(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::Weekday {
+        repr,
+        one_indexed,
+        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
+    }: modifier::Weekday,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    match repr {
+        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Short => write(
+            output,
+            &WEEKDAY_NAMES[date.weekday().number_days_from_monday() as usize][..3],
+        ),
+        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Long => write(
+            output,
+            WEEKDAY_NAMES[date.weekday().number_days_from_monday() as usize],
+        ),
+        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Sunday => format_number::<_, _, 1>(
+            output,
+            date.weekday().number_days_from_sunday() + one_indexed as u8,
+            modifier::Padding::None,
+        ),
+        modifier::WeekdayRepr::Monday => format_number::<_, _, 1>(
+            output,
+            date.weekday().number_days_from_monday() + one_indexed as u8,
+            modifier::Padding::None,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format the week number into the designated output.
+fn fmt_week_number(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::WeekNumber { padding, repr }: modifier::WeekNumber,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(
+        output,
+        match repr {
+            modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Iso => date.iso_week(),
+            modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Sunday => date.sunday_based_week(),
+            modifier::WeekNumberRepr::Monday => date.monday_based_week(),
+        },
+        padding,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Format the year into the designated output.
+fn fmt_year(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    date: Date,
+    modifier::Year {
+        padding,
+        repr,
+        iso_week_based,
+        sign_is_mandatory,
+    }: modifier::Year,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    let full_year = if iso_week_based {
+        date.iso_year_week().0
+    } else {
+        date.year()
+    };
+    let value = match repr {
+        modifier::YearRepr::Full => full_year,
+        modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo => (full_year % 100).abs(),
+    };
+    let format_number = match repr {
+        #[cfg(feature = "large-dates")]
+        modifier::YearRepr::Full if value.abs() >= 100_000 => format_number::<_, _, 6>,
+        #[cfg(feature = "large-dates")]
+        modifier::YearRepr::Full if value.abs() >= 10_000 => format_number::<_, _, 5>,
+        modifier::YearRepr::Full => format_number::<_, _, 4>,
+        modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo => format_number::<_, _, 2>,
+    };
+    let mut bytes = 0;
+    if repr != modifier::YearRepr::LastTwo {
+        if full_year < 0 {
+            bytes += write(output, &[b'-'])?;
+        } else if sign_is_mandatory || cfg!(feature = "large-dates") && full_year >= 10_000 {
+            bytes += write(output, &[b'+'])?;
+        }
+    }
+    bytes += format_number(output, value.unsigned_abs(), padding)?;
+    Ok(bytes)
+}
+// endregion date formatters
+
+// region: time formatters
+/// Format the hour into the designated output.
+fn fmt_hour(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    time: Time,
+    modifier::Hour {
+        padding,
+        is_12_hour_clock,
+    }: modifier::Hour,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    let value = match (time.hour(), is_12_hour_clock) {
+        (hour, false) => hour,
+        (0 | 12, true) => 12,
+        (hour, true) if hour < 12 => hour,
+        (hour, true) => hour - 12,
+    };
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, value, padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the minute into the designated output.
+fn fmt_minute(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    time: Time,
+    modifier::Minute { padding }: modifier::Minute,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, time.minute(), padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the period into the designated output.
+fn fmt_period(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    time: Time,
+    modifier::Period {
+        is_uppercase,
+        case_sensitive: _, // no effect on formatting
+    }: modifier::Period,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    match (time.hour() >= 12, is_uppercase) {
+        (false, false) => write(output, b"am"),
+        (false, true) => write(output, b"AM"),
+        (true, false) => write(output, b"pm"),
+        (true, true) => write(output, b"PM"),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format the second into the designated output.
+fn fmt_second(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    time: Time,
+    modifier::Second { padding }: modifier::Second,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, time.second(), padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the subsecond into the designated output.
+fn fmt_subsecond<W: io::Write>(
+    output: &mut W,
+    time: Time,
+    modifier::Subsecond { digits }: modifier::Subsecond,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    use modifier::SubsecondDigits::*;
+    let nanos = time.nanosecond();
+
+    if digits == Nine || (digits == OneOrMore && nanos % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 9>(output, nanos)
+    } else if digits == Eight || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 10) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 8>(output, nanos / 10)
+    } else if digits == Seven || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 100) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 7>(output, nanos / 100)
+    } else if digits == Six || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 1_000) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 6>(output, nanos / 1_000)
+    } else if digits == Five || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 10_000) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 5>(output, nanos / 10_000)
+    } else if digits == Four || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 100_000) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 4>(output, nanos / 100_000)
+    } else if digits == Three || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 1_000_000) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 3>(output, nanos / 1_000_000)
+    } else if digits == Two || (digits == OneOrMore && (nanos / 10_000_000) % 10 != 0) {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 2>(output, nanos / 10_000_000)
+    } else {
+        format_number_pad_zero::<_, _, 1>(output, nanos / 100_000_000)
+    }
+}
+// endregion time formatters
+
+// region: offset formatters
+/// Format the offset hour into the designated output.
+fn fmt_offset_hour(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    offset: UtcOffset,
+    modifier::OffsetHour {
+        padding,
+        sign_is_mandatory,
+    }: modifier::OffsetHour,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    let mut bytes = 0;
+    if offset.is_negative() {
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'-'])?;
+    } else if sign_is_mandatory {
+        bytes += write(output, &[b'+'])?;
+    }
+    bytes += format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.whole_hours().unsigned_abs(), padding)?;
+    Ok(bytes)
+}
+
+/// Format the offset minute into the designated output.
+fn fmt_offset_minute(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    offset: UtcOffset,
+    modifier::OffsetMinute { padding }: modifier::OffsetMinute,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.minutes_past_hour().unsigned_abs(), padding)
+}
+
+/// Format the offset second into the designated output.
+fn fmt_offset_second(
+    output: &mut impl io::Write,
+    offset: UtcOffset,
+    modifier::OffsetSecond { padding }: modifier::OffsetSecond,
+) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+    format_number::<_, _, 2>(output, offset.seconds_past_minute().unsigned_abs(), padding)
+}
+// endregion offset formatters